Mesothelioma Not Caused by Asbestos Mesothelioma is more prevalent in people with a history asbestos exposure. Asbestos fibers that adhere to the lung's lining (pleura) cause malignant pleural mesothelioma. those that penetrate the stomach's lining or the heart (peritoneal and mesothelioma of the pericardium) are less common. Visit a physician