Mesothelioma - Chances of Getting Mesothelioma From Asbestos Exposure Exposure to asbestos can increase the risk of mesothelioma. It's unclear whether the risk decreases after exposure ceases. A mesothelioma happens when asbestos fibers get stuck in the lung's lining (pleura) or abdomen (peritoneum). There are various kinds of mesothelioma. They